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ABOUT THIS GUIDE
================
This is a guide to building a custom BusyBox/Linux-libre system with the GNU
toolchain. It mostly follows Cross Linux From Scratch Sysroot version
SVN-0.0.1-20090726-x86, except that it uses more recent versions of software
packages and uses a BusyBox-based userspace rather than a GNU-based one. This
guide assumes the use of a GNU/Linux host system with all the necessary
development software (GCC, GNU Binutils, Subversion, etc.) already installed.
It is recommended that you read Cross Linux From Scratch Sysroot version
SVN-0.0.1-20090726-x86 to understand the full build process and the rationale
behind various elements of the setup.
PROCEDURE
=========
Make a directory in which all work will be done. Under this directory, make
directories 'src' and sys':
$ mkdir src sys
Download all of the necessary source archives and branches.
$ cd src
$ wget http://www.busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.19.3.tar.bz2
$ wget http://www.fsfla.org/svnwiki/selibre/linux-libre/download/releases/\
> LATEST-3.1.N/linux-3.1.6-libre.tar.bz2
$ svn co svn://svn.eglibc.org/branches/eglibc-2_14 eglibc-2.14
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.6.2/gcc-4.6.2.tar.bz2
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.22.tar.bz2
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-3.82.tar.bz2
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake/automake-1.11.2.tar.bz2
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.68.tar.bz2
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.16.tar.bz2
$ wget ftp://ftp.gmplib.org/pub/gmp-5.0.2/gmp-5.0.2.tar.bz2
$ wget http://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-current/mpfr-3.1.0.tar.bz2
$ wget http://www.multiprecision.org/mpc/download/mpc-0.9.tar.gz
$ for file in *.tar.bz2; do tar -xjf ${file}; done
$ for file in *.tar.gz; do tar -xzf ${file}; done
$ cd ..
Make and mount the filesystem. mkfs and mount must be run as the superuser, but
dd shouldn't need to be.
$ cd sys
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=fs bs=1024 count=$((3*1024*1024))
# mkfs -t ext4 fs
$ mkdir fsmnt
# mount -o loop fs fsmnt
Set up a new user.
# groupadd bbl
# useradd -s /bin/bash -g bbl -d /home/bbl bbl
# mkdir -pv /home/bbl
# chown -v bbl:bbl /home/bbl
# passwd bbl
# chown -Rv bbl fsmnt
Set up the toolchain work environment. Be sure to change '<BASE_DIR>' to the
absolute path to the base work directory you made earlier, and adjust the
configuration name in BBL_TARGET if you're building for a different
architecture. We're using GNU Bash as the new user's default shell for
convenience; this has no effect on the target system.
$ su - bbl
$ cat > ~/.bash_profile <<EOF
> exec env -i HOME="${HOME}" TERM="${TERM}" /bin/bash
> EOF
$ cat > ~/.bashrc <<EOF
> set +h
> umask 022
> BBL=<BASE_DIR>/sys/fsmnt
> LC_ALL=C
> PATH=<BASE_DIR>/sys/fsmnt/cross-tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
> export BBL LC_ALL PATH
> PS1='$ '
> unset CFLAGS
> unset CXXFLAGS
> export BBL_HOST=$(echo ${MACHTYPE} | \
> sed "s/$(echo ${MACHTYPE} | cut -d - -f 2)/cross/")
> export BBL_TARGET=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
> EOF
$ source ~/.bash_profile
Make system directories. These commands should give you a system that is
compliant with Filesystem Hierarchy Standard version 2.3. Note that the range
syntax in many of these command lines is a non-standard feature of GNU Bash;
this may not work on other shells.
$ mkdir -pv ${BBL}/{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,media,mnt,opt,proc}
$ install -dv -m 0750 ${BBL}/root
$ mkdir -pv ${BBL}/{sbin,srv,sys}
$ install -dv -m 1777 ${BBL}{,/var}/tmp
$ mkdir -pv ${BBL}/usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,share/{man,misc},src}
$ mkdir -pv ${BBL}/usr/local/{etc,games}
$ mkdir -pv ${BBL}/usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,terminfo,zoneinfo}
$ mkdir -pv ${BBL}/usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
$ ln -sv share/man ${BBL}/usr/local/man
$ mkdir -pv ${BBL}/var/{cache,lib/misc,local,lock,log,mail,opt,run,spool}
Write the passwd and group files.
$ cat > ${BBL}/etc/passwd <<EOF
> root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
> EOF
$ cat > ${BBL}/etc/group <<EOF
> root:x:0:
> bin:x:1:
> sys:x:2:
> kmem:x:3:
> tty:x:4:
> tape:x:5:
> daemon:x:6:
> floppy:x:7:
> disk:x:8:
> lp:x:9:
> dialout:x:10:
> audio:x:11:
> video:x:12:
> utmp:x:13:
> usb:x:14:
> cdrom:x:15:
> EOF
If CONFIG_FEATURE_UTMP and/or CONFIG_FEATURE_WTMP are enabled in BusyBox,
certain BusyBox applets (getty, login, init, etc.) will log user logins to
/var/run/utmp and/or /var/run/wtmp. However, BusyBox's supporting library won't
create /var/run/wtmp if it doesn't exist. So create these files now and set
proper modes for them.
$ touch ${BBL}/var/run/{u,w}tmp
$ chmod -v 664 ${BBL}/var/run/{u,w}tmp
/var/run/utmp is used to track logged-in users. /var/run/wtmp is used to record
when users log into and out of the system. NB: This is an odd location for
wtmp, but that's where an unpatched BusyBox will expect it.
Make and change to a directory for package source code.
$ mkdir -v ${BBL}/src
$ cd ${BBL}/src
Install Linux's headers for use by EGLIBC.
$ cp -pR ${BBL}/../../src/linux-3.1.6 .
$ cd linux-3.1.6
$ make mrproper
$ make headers_check
$ make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=${BBL}/usr headers_install
$ find ${BBL}/usr/include/ -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd | \
> xargs rm -fv
$ cd ..
$ rm -Rf linux-3.1.6
Install GMP for use by the cross-compiling GCC build.
$ cp -pR ${BBL}/../../src/gmp-5.0.2 .
$ cd gmp-5.0.2
$ CPPFLAGS=-fexceptions ./configure --prefix=${BBL}/cross-tools --enable-cxx
$ make
$ make install
$ make check
$ cd ..
$ rm -Rf gmp-5.0.2
Install MPFR for use by the cross-compiling GCC build.
$ cp -pR ${BBL}/../../src/mpfr-3.1.0 .
$ cd mpfr-3.1.0
$ LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath,${BBL}/cross-tools/lib" ./configure \
> --prefix=${BBL}/cross-tools --enable-shared --with-gmp=${BBL}/cross-tools
$ make
$ make install
$ cd ..
$ rm -Rf mpfr-3.1.0
Install MPC for use by the cross-compiling GCC build.
$ cp -pR ${BBL}/../../src/mpc-0.9 .
$ cd mpc-0.9
$ LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath,${BBL}/cross-tools/lib" ./configure \
> --prefix=${BBL}/cross-tools --with-mpfr=${BBL}/cross-tools \
> --with-gmp=${BBL}/cross-tools
$ make
$ make install
$ cd ..
$ rm -Rf mpc-0.9
Configure and build a cross-compiling GNU Binutils.
$ cp -pR ${BBL}/../../src/binutils-2.22 .
$ mkdir -v binutils-build
$ cd binutils-build
$ AR=ar AS=as ../binutils-2.22/configure --prefix=${BBL}/cross-tools \
> --host=${BBL_HOST} --target=${BBL_TARGET} --with-sysroot=${BBL} \
> --disable-nls --enable-shared --disable-multilib
$ make configure-host
$ make
$ make install
$ cp -v ../binutils-2.22/include/libiberty.h ${BBL}/usr/include
$ cd ..
$ rm -Rf binutils-2.22 binutils-build
Configure and build a cross-compiling GCC.
$ cp -pR ${BBL}/../../src/gcc-4.6.2 .
$ mkdir -v gcc-build
$ cd gcc-build
$ AR=ar LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath,${BBL}/cross-tools/lib" ../gcc-4.6.2/configure \
> --prefix=${BBL}/cross-tools --build=${BBL_HOST} --host=${BBL_HOST} \
> --target=${BBL_TARGET} --disable-multilib --with-sysroot=${BBL} \
> --disable-nls --without-headers --with-newlib --disable-decimal-float \
> --disable-libgomp --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp \
> --with-mpfr=${BBL}/cross-tools --with-gmp=${BBL}/cross-tools \
> --with-mpc=${BBL}/cross-tools --without-ppl --without-cloog \
> --disable-shared --disable-threads --enable-languages=c
$ make all-gcc all-target-libgcc
$ make install-gcc install-target-libgcc
$ cd ..
$ rm -Rf gcc-4.6.2
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